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The Circle of Courage is a model of positive youth development based on the principles of belonging, mastery, independence and generosity. The model integrates the cultural wisdom of tribal peoples and findings of modern youth development research. == History == The Circle of Courage model portrays four growth needs of all children: Belonging, Mastery, Independence, and Generosity. This philosophy emerged from collaboration of Martin Brokenleg, a professor of Native American Studies, and Larry Brendtro, a professor in children’s behavior disorders. They studied how traditional indigenous cultures were able to rear respectful, responsible children without resorting to coercive discipline. The Circle of Courage is illustrated as a medicine wheel with four directions. In 1990, the Circle of Courage was outlined in the publication ''Reclaiming Youth at Risk'' by Larry Brendtro, Martin Brokenleg, & Steve Van Bockern who were then colleagues at Augustana College. The model was adopted to youth services in South Africa during the administration of Nelson Mandela under leadership of Minister Geraldine Moloketi and Lesley du Toit. This led in 2005 to the Response Ability Pathways (RAP) curriculum which provides training on applying the Circle of Courage to all who work with youth.〔http://www.circleofcourageinstitute.org/content/our-history, retrieved July 13, 2010〕 The Circle of Courage provides the philosophical foundation for the work of Reclaiming Youth International (RYI), a 501(c)(3) non-profit company dedicated to helping adults better serve children and youth who are in emotional pain from conflict in the family, school, community, or with self. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Circle of Courage」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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